Southern Television

Southern Television was the first ITV broadcasting licence holder for the south and south-east of England from 30 August 1958 until the night of 31 December 1981. The company was launched as Southern Television Limited and the title Southern Television was consistently used on-air throughout its life. However, in 1966 during the application process for contracts running from 1968 the company renamed itself Southern Independent Television Limited, a title which was used until 1980, when the company reverted to its original corporate name. Southern Television ceased broadcasting on the night of 31 December 1981 after a review by the 1980 franchise round gave the contract expiry date to 31 December 1981.


 * Note: Southern's coverage area coincided only partly with that of the present-day South East England government region, as it did not include the Oxford transmitter region (Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire), which was instead covered by the ITV Midlands licensee. Prior to 1 November 1970 Southern's coverage did not include all of the Hannington transmitter region (Berkshire and northern Hampshire) either, or the county of Surrey. These areas were served by either the London franchise area or the Midlands franchise area (from the Membury transmitter in Berkshire).  Southern's area also included large swathes of Dorset and southern Wiltshire.

Launch
When the Independent Television Authority (ITA) advertised for applicants to run the south of England station in 1958, Southern Television beat eight other applicants for the contract. Its initial shareholders were Associated Newspapers, the Rank Organisation and the Amalgamated Press, each holding one third of the company. Associated Newspapers was allowed to remain a shareholder in Southern only on the condition that it sold its remaining 10% stake in Associated-Rediffusion to avoid owning parts of two ITV companies. The Amalgamated Press dropped out of the consortium before the station went on air. This led to Associated Newspapers and Rank increasing their stakes to 37.5% each, and D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd taking the remaining 25%.

Southern went on air at 5:30 pm on Saturday 30 August 1958 with the first playing of Southern Rhapsody, the station theme which was used to begin each day's transmission up until 31 December 1981, written by composer Richard Addinsell and performed by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra with Addinsell conducting. The first presenter on air was continuity announcer Meryl O'Keefe (later to become a BBC announcer); her first on-air announcement was followed by an outside broadcast link-up fronted by Julian Pettifer (later an award-winning war correspondent) and a regional news bulletin read by Martin Muncaster. Other opening night programmes included a Filmed Playhouse drama entitled The Last Reunion, a preview programme called Coming Shortly, an episode of the American crime drama Highway Patrol and most notably, a networked opening night programme entitled Southern Rhapsody, starring Gracie Fields and the Lionel Blair Dancers, televised from the station's studios in a converted cinema in the Northam area of Southampton and the ocean liner Caronia which was berthed in Southampton docks.

1980 franchise round
The 1980 franchise round required Southern to apply to the IBA to continue to serve the South from 1982. Competition was stiff, and in the end, Southern lost its franchise to Television South, a new consortium with fresh ideas and bold plans that were quite different to Southern's proposals.

Southern's failure was met with anger and disbelief by its board of directors. Although the Independent Broadcasting Authority gave its standard reason for these decisions, that the competitor offered a better mix of programmes and greater investment, it was believed the station's non-local ownership may have swayed the balance against it. Another factor may have been the company's very conservative (and possibly dull) nature and that, with a new decade just dawned, the south of England would be a radically different area; it was felt that Southern's application was, understandably, more of the same tried and tested formula, which in time would not have reflected the possibilities for the area. Yet another possible factor was the incumbent's complacency: its original application was a mere 16-pages long. Tactfully the IBA invited Southern to re-submit, this time asking the company to go into more depth with its plans.

The winning bidder, TVS, spent months trying to persuade Southern to sell its studios; until it finally succeeded, TVS was forced to use portable office buildings (known as Portakabins) in Southern's car park, something repeated later by Meridian while it waited to take over from TVS. Finally, Southern agreed to lease its studios for the production of TVS programmes and sell them to TVS outright at the end of 1981. The handover was tinged with acrimony on behalf of Southern, which appeared to take its anger at the decision out on TVS rather than the IBA, which had made the actual choice. In Southern's final programme, And It's Goodbye From Us, a song was featured, composed and performed by Richard Stilgoe, deriding the incoming TVS as Portakabin TV and mocking TVS for choosing Maidstone as a production base in the newly-enlarged dual region despite the fact that Southern itself had already purchased the site in Vinters Park, Maidstone, for a planned studio complex which Southern would have built had it retained its franchise. Southern sold the land on to TVS at a considerable profit.

End of Southern
Southern's final programme, And It's Goodbye From Us, ended at 00:43 on the morning of New Year's Day 1982. The programme closed with a medley of songs "to suit the occasion" sung by Lilian Watson and performed by the Bournemouth Sinfonietta under conductor Owain Arwel Hughes. The show's presenter, long-serving continuity announcer Christopher Robbie, signed off from Southern Television with the words:

Goodbye songs from Lilian Watson because ... it's goodbye time. We said at the start that we'd come to celebrate, and I think we have. We've enjoyed remembering, and I'm sure you won't forget. So, with a final farewell smile from those Southern people who've become to many of you, true friends, it's goodbye from us.

Afterwards, the camera panned to show many of the on-air talent and company executives standing (rather solemnly) as their names were displayed on-screen and the "Southern Fantasia" (composed especially for the show by Jonathan Burton, and performed earlier on in the programme) played in Southern Television's final two minutes. When the piece came to a climactic end, the illuminated logo signs and lights on the set were gradually turned off, fading to the Southern Television Colour Production slide (being shown for the final time), which dissolved into the station's logo, spinning away into an animated starry sky. The acoustic guitar jingle played for what would be the final time with a deep extended echo, and the screen slowly and silently faded to black, remaining that way for close to a minute. There were no closing or shut-down announcements, no suggestions for viewers to switch off their television sets, nor even the customary playing of God Save the Queen. At 00:45 the transmitters were simply, and abruptly, shut down. Southern Television had ceased its broadcasting after twenty-four years. Exactly eight hours and forty minutes later, Television South began broadcasting to the South and South-East of England.

Southern Television's programme archive was sold to Southern Star Group, then Renown pictures and the names "Southern Television Ltd", "Southern Independent Television" and "Southern Television" and star device idents used between 1958 and 1981 all transferred to Art Attack & Finger Tips producer Nic Ayling in 2004, and Southern now trades as an independent production company.

In August 2008, ITV Meridian commemorated the 50th anniversary of Southern Television's first transmission with special reports on Thames Valley Tonight and Meridian Tonight (South and South East editions) alongside a half-hour programme presented by Fred Dinenage.

Southampton
The station's original studios were a converted cinema in Northam, Southampton. With the advent of colour in 1969, the company moved to purpose-built new studios next door to the existing site, built on land reclaimed from the River Itchen.

The studios at Northam were sold on to TVS in 1981, and sold again by TVS to Meridian Broadcasting in 1992. Meridian relocated to a much smaller office building in Whiteley in 2004 and the site at Northam was sold to developers. In 2010 the studio complex was demolished.

Dover
The company also ran production offices and a studio in Dover, to serve the eastern part of its region. The studios were opened in 1960 at the same time as the ITA's VHF Dover television transmitter went into operation. The studios on Russell Street were mainly used for regional news production although some non-news programmes including the long-running rural affairs series Farm Progress, feature series and documentaries such as Guideline, Elusive Butterflies & Dougalling and the nightly Epilogue were also produced from Dover.

During Southern's tenure as the ITV franchise broadcaster, the company strived to produce dedicated opt outs for the East of the region - the first British television service of its kind. Southern's South East news team in Dover produced separate bulletins for the area as an opt-out into the Day by Day programme each weeknight. A dedicated South East bulletin was also broadcast after News at Ten. More well known to South East viewers was Scene South East, a weekly magazine programme introduced on 9 October 1964 as Friday on Ten, which replaced Day by Day on Friday nights. Its popularity led to the introduction of a shorter Scene Midweek programme on Wednesdays. Local commercials specific to the region were also broadcast to the Dover transmitter only, via the presentation control area at the Southampton studios.

Dover-based presenters and reporters included Mike Field, Jeff Thomas, Malcolm Mitchell, Tim Brinton, Simon Theobalds, Arnie Wilson, Jill Cochrane, Derek Williamson, Pat Sloman, David Haigh (editor of Scene South East), Donald Dougall and Mike Fuller. The Dover studio directors were David Pick and Maurice Harper. The floor manager was John Heather and the production secretaries were Gwenneth Hughes and Denise Hood.

After Southern lost its franchise to TVS, the studios were used to produce the successor's regional news programmes for the South East - Coast to Coast and TVS News. Once TVS's studios in Maidstone were opened, the Dover studios were closed in 1983 and demolished a year later. The site is now a car park.

Other facilities
Unique in ITV and reflecting the area's maritime history the company converted a Second World War motor torpedo boat into a floating outside broadcasting unit named Southerner. The company had sales offices at Stag Place, London and Oxford Street, Manchester.

There were also regional offices in Maidstone, Dorchester, Brighton and Reading.

Identity
Southern's logo is sometimes said to be a compass, what with the directional station name and the fact that the bottom point on the logo is longest - thereby suggesting a compass pointing south, in the direction of Southern TV's service area. However, the general consensus is that it is a star, named after the Southern Star and because Southern's final transmission showed the logo zooming off into the night sky. For the purposes of this article, the logo will be referred to as a star, to reflect what it is most popularly called.

Southern's first identity featured an art deco style star which zoomed into screen before the bottom point extended downwards. The colour scheme of varying tones of grey, black and white. This was replaced in the early 1960s with a white rotating star against a black background against a drumroll jingle. This was again altered in the mid 1960s to the familiar star shape against a black background and accompanied by a jingle featuring a cacophony of noises. This shape formed from a circle, with the diagonal lines moving out and joining the circle and the horizontal and vertical lines being drawn last, with the name added last.

This ident remained with the station until the end of its existence with some modifications, firstly the jingle was altered to nine notes on a guitar a few years later, and then the background was changed to blue in 1969 with the introduction of colour. This ident, occasionally supplemented by a subsequent caption stating 'The Station that serves the South', lasted until the company went off air in 1982.

In addition to these idents, a clock was used featuring a blue background and Southern legend, and for introducing links between programmes, in-vision continuity was utilised often. Continuity announcers included:
 * Brian Nissen
 * Christopher Robbie
 * Keith Martin
 * Gill Hewitt
 * Verity Martindill

Programming
Notable programmes produced by Southern Television over the years included the flagship regional news magazine Day by Day presented by an able team of presenters including Barry Westwood, Peter Clark, and long-serving weatherman Trevor Baker; Out of Town, a countryside programme introduced by Jack Hargreaves, who would later join Southern's board of directors; How, a children's science programme also featuring Hargreaves along with Fred Dinenage, Bunty James (later replaced by Marian Davies) and Jon Miller; Freewheelers, a children's spy series; Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years and Worzel Gummidge, starring Jon Pertwee as the eponymous walking scarecrow. Southern also produced a programme aimed at the farming community, presented by Mark Jenner, Farm Progress was broadcast at around 10:30 on Sunday mornings. A late-night epilogue was introduced by Roger Royle. Alongside 'Trevor the Weather', weather forecasts were also presented by Cyril Ockenden.

Generally, the company produced more networked children's programmes than adult programmes, scoring a particularly strong seller internationally with an adaptation of Enid Blyton's The Famous Five. Also worth noting was the children's programme The Saturday Banana, hosted by Bill Oddie (then at the height of his fame as one of The Goodies) which saw the placing of a 20 ft fibreglass banana outside the studios, supported by its peeled 'skin', they also produced the children's game show Runaround which was hosted by Mike Reid.

The station was noted for its enlightened classical music broadcasting, including studio concerts by the local Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra in Music in Camera. From 1972 Southern Television broadcast up to two operas from Glyndebourne each season, some of which have since been issued on DVD.